40天攻克大学英语四级-第30章
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What：人们热火朝天地做操，随音乐跳舞，打球，等等。
Why：清晨空气清新，适合锻炼；一日之际在于晨，背背书，读读单词。
当然，由这个题目可以令人想到很多东西，因篇幅所限，我们做了删减。
参考范文
An Early Morning Walk
One morning I got up very early； and everything around was very quiet。 The sun had just risen； shining brilliantly and everything seemed to be covered with a layer of golden silk。 There were only some birds singing ocomasionally in the tall trees。 I strolled along the street toward the park； breathing the fresh air and feeling extremely happy。
When I arrived at the park； I found； to my surprise； that there were so many people there。 Men and women； boys and girls； all were enjoying themselves in their various activities。 Some were doing morning exercises； some were playing badminton and some old people were having their tea while talking to each other cheerfully。
I wandered around the park。 To my delight； I found a few middle…school students talking to each other in English in one corner of the park。 I went up and spoke to them in English。 We soon became friends。 I was very glad to find another opportunity to practice my spoken English。 On the way home； I realized that an early morning walk really was good and healthful。 Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise。
【点评】文章按照时间顺序（in chronological order），第一句话点明时间（One morning）、人物（第一人称“I”），并简要描述了早晨的特点（What was the setting），接着第二段第一句话交代地点（in the park），然后介绍公园里人们及作者的活动（What was happening），最后在文章结尾点题，即，归纳中心思想——Taking early morning walks makes one healthy and wise。 仅仅189个单词既满足了记叙文的“六大要素”，又有明确的中心思想和生动的细节，行文方式符合要求。
1。 以“A Most Unlucky Day”为题，想想该怎么写。注意：题目的中心词是“unlucky”。
When：
Where：
Who：
What：
Why：
How：
参考思路
When：哪一天是最倒霉的日子？考前的晚上？公布成绩的日子？周末？
Where：在大街上违章停车？在学校？在商场？在经常光顾的地方——食堂、餐厅、麦当劳、图书馆、溜冰场、投影厅？
Who：是我倒霉？是好友？你？那个蛋白质室友？
What：拿到罚单？上课上班迟到？失恋？被窃？四级没过？
Why：倒霉嘛，无非是运气不好，睡过头了、态度恶劣、偷懒、不刻苦…
How：一团糟，挨批，心情极度沮丧，不过也无所谓嘛…
想完之后，我们再花点儿功夫将关联的东东挑出来，别忘了本文的中心是“unlucky”。
根据自己的思路，写一篇文章：
参考范文
A Most Unlucky Day
I had a streak of tough luck yesterday。 Everything； it seemed to me； went wrong。 And I simply couldn’t understand why all the bad things happened to me in one single day。
In the morning； as luck would have it； my alarm clock didn’t ring； and with an aching head I woke up half an hour later than usual。 I was in such a hurry that； when making an omelet； I got my fingers burnt and splashed the omelet all over the floor of the kitchen。
Having no time for my breakfast at that point； I rushed out of my house with an empty stomach and hurting fingers。 I had intended to catch the 7：30 subway； but somehow I couldn’t make it。 I became very nervous at the mere thought of being late for my English class； because my English teacher is very strict and demanding； and he gets angry whenever any student is late for his class。
After getting off the 7：40 subway； I raced all the way from the station to my school； thinking it would be impossible for me to flag a taxi at this hour of the day。 At the corner of the street near my school； I abruptly bumped into a man and； worse luck； broke the glasses I had bought for 500 yuan just last week。 With scarcely any time to receive or offer an apology； I just kept on running and running。 At long last； I arrived at the school only to find； with great sadness mixed with some relief； that the school was empty and the classrooms were all locked。 It was Saturday。
My ill luck showed no sign of coming to an end。 When I returned home greatly frustrated； I found myself locked out。 In my hurry I had forgotten to bring the key with me。 Just my luck！
【点评】这篇文章按照时间顺序一气呵成。文章的标题、第一句和最后一句都点出了中心思想：“I had a most unlucky day”。故事从作者醒来开始，在慌慌张张中煎蛋卷、赶地铁、急奔学校、撞破眼镜、发现白忙乎了一场，最后猛然清醒——匆忙之中忘了钥匙！整个故事描述得精彩生动，既有动作的细节又有作者内心的感受，让读者也身临其境地体会了倒霉的一天。
A： 根据以下提示叙述一场交通事故：1）用第一人称；2）短语提示：drive home at about 30 kilometers an hour；it was dark；a small girl chased a dog；not hit her but hit a car in the other direction3）写出作者对此交通意外的感想。
参考范文
Last night I was driving home from work。 I had an acomident。 I was following behind a truck； driving at about 30 kilometers an hour。 I was watching the traffic carefully because it was getting dark。
Suddenly a small girl ran onto the road from the left。 She was chasing a dog and she wasn’t paying any attention to the traffic。 I immediately applied the brakes and turned the steering wheel quickly to the right。
The girl jumped towards the side of the road as soon as she saw my car。 Fortunately I did not hit her； but I hit a car coming in the other direction。 Luckily I was not driving very fast so the damage was not serious。 It is better to damage a car than to injure a young child； I thought to myself。
B： 以第一人称写一篇记叙文，讲述在旅行中经历的一件小事。
参考范文
Go on a Mediterranean Journey
My wife and I have always enjoyed traveling by sea，and last year we decided to go on a Mediterranean journey。 Although our holiday was rather expensive we thought that the high standard of acomommodation； the first…class food and the many interesting places we saw were well worth the price we paid。
We found that most of the other passengers were friendly and interesting； but there was one man； a Mr。 James； who irritated and annoyed us。 Whatever subject we talked about； it seemed that he was an expert at it。 He had； apparently； read more books； visited more countries and studied more languages； than anyone else had。 After a few days； we ate our meals in silence； because nobody wanted to begin a conversation that would soon be taken over by this man。
Then my wife had an idea。 She suggested that we might think of an unusual subject； look it up in an encyclopedia and then talk about it at dinner。 If it were an unusual subject； Mr。 James could not possibly know anything about it。 The subject we chose was “English Agriculture in the Eleventh Century。” At dinner that night we discussed this subject with great enthusiasm。 Mr。 James was silent。 We realized we had at last come to find something he knew nothing about。
UNIT 1 基本技能篇（15天）Day 12 说明文的思路与练习
说明文的思路与练习
说明文是用言简意赅的语言来介绍客观事物，讲清事理，并给人增加知识的一种文体。说明文解说事物的特点、发展变化规律，分析前因后果，目的在于使读者“明白事理”，获得必要的信息，对事物有个较完整明晰的了解和认识。说明文不同于记叙文和议论文，它重在给人介绍，让人明白，因而，轻“情义”重事实。说明文与议论文关系密切，有人将其统称为议论文。但在写作的目的和方法上两者仍有区别。说明文主要是通过事实客观地解释或说明事物本身；而议论文则以事实、数据等为证据，表明主观见解，使读者信服或赞同某一观点。
历年四级考试中的“How I Overcome Difficulties in Learning English”、“My Ideal Job”以及图表作文的第一段都属于说明文的范畴，如，2002年6月的根据坐标图写题为“Students Use of Computers”的作文。
说明文必须按一定的顺序进行说明：时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认识顺序，选择具体的特点和细节来说明。
所以，说明文的思路要围绕说明顺序、事物的特点和细节展开。例如：
范文点评
A Famous Clock
When you visit London； one of the first things you will see is Big Ben； the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B。B。C。 If the Houses of Parliament had not been burned down in 1834； the great clock would never have been erected。 Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built。 It is not only of immense size； but is extremely acomurate as well。 Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day。 On the B。B。C。 you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower。 Big Ben has rarely gone wrong。 Once； however； it failed to give the correct time。 A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down！
【点评】这是《新概念英语》中的一篇经典说明文，介绍了世界著名的“大本钟”。文章开篇指明该钟位于英国伦敦，且全世界的人们通过BBC就能够听到钟声。接下来讲述了“大本钟”的由来，特点——不仅外型巨大，而且走时准确，在结尾处讲了“大本钟”的一个幽默的小插曲——油漆工把油漆桶挂在指针上，把钟弄慢了。细读这篇文章，我们不难发现，区区159个单词就把“大本钟”的光辉形象牢牢地刻在读者的脑海里，为什么？本文基于事实，分析了主题的来龙去脉，语言简洁又不失生动贴切，作者态度客观又充满幽默，使读者既“明白了事理”，又对事物有较完整明晰的了解认识，此乃说明文之真谛也。
以“Goals”为题打开一篇说明文的思路。
参考思路
1）目标的分类：（可根据时间顺序，空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认识顺序，任选一个进行分类和排列）
2）各个类别的特点和细节：
3）组织成文：
范文点评
Goals
Everyone has goals。 Many people do not reach their goals for lack of planning。 These three sets of goals should be developed： lifetime； intermediate and short term。
Lifetime goals should be written out。 These goals should be clear and reasonable。 For instance； the goal to win a research prize is clear and measurable。 Other lifetime goals might include publishing a certain number of influential books or articles； earning a departmental chairmanship at a major university； sucomessfully competing for a grant from the National Science Foundation or securing a consultantship with a big corporation。
Intermediate goals relate to outcomes during the next few years。 For the beginning doctoral student； intermediate goals may include completion of course work and preparation of a doctoral research proposal。 Like lifetime goals； these are measurable and clearly stated。
Short…term goals involve outcomes expected during the next 12 months。 These goals are more performance oriented； and they help with achievement of intermediate goals。 Examples of short…term goals are earning an A in a course； learning how to program a computer or performing an experiment。
【点评】本文介绍了人生的三种目标：终生的、长期的和短期的目标。在文中采用了说明文常用的方法：定义、举例、分类和比较等。
对这些方法我们�
